A theory is the description or external representation of an Explicit Model and its Concepts, in advanced sciences using mathematical equations.
In other words, the model is expressed in terms of the theory.
Any Theory of Rationality is normative – it describes how a rational agent should evaluate beliefs, not how they in fact evaluate them.
An explicit Model is a consciously articulated, interpretive description of a target System that can be the object of the modelling system’s attention.
As a collection of Models, Theories and Explanations, Geology offers “an evidence-based understanding of planet Earth’s history”.
Any Model or Theory has to presuppose the existence of certain things in order to work, i.
Contrary to what we’ve learned in school, it wasn’t racist ideas, born from ignorance and hate, that led to racist policies, but exactly the other way round.
Rationality is an evolved strategy, aiming for success within an evolutionary environment.
A behaviour and by extension a Behavioural Disposition is instrumentally rational iff it maximises the subjective probability for a System to achieve a certain goal given an Environment and the available Knowledge about it.
Science can be understood and criticised on a variety of levels.